Solvents used in Chromatography

Solvent Properties for Chromatographers
Listed from apolar to polar and Eluthropic range

Solvent	Polarity Index	Refractive Index at 20°C	UV Cut off (nm)	Boiling Point °C	Viscosity (cPoise)	Solubility in Water (% w/w)	More Info (Coloured fields most popular in NPLC)	Elution power (E)
n-Heptane	0.0	1.387	200	98,0	0.39	0,0003	n-Heptane **	0
n-Hexane *	0.0	1.375	200	69	0.33	0.001	n-Hexane **	0
n-Pentane	0.0	1.358	200	36	0.23	0.004	n.-Pentane
1-chlorobutane*	1.0	1.4081	220	78		0.05
n-butylchloride
Cyclohexane	0.2	1.426	200	81	1.0	0.01	Cyclohexane	0.03
Isooctane	0.1 - 0.3	1.404	210		0.5		Isooctane
Trichloroethylene	1.0	1.4		77	,273,87,0.57,"0,57		Trichloroethylene
Tetrachloromethane ,Carbon tetrachloride	1.6	1.466	263	77	0.97	0.08	Tetrachloromethane	0.14
Triethylamine	1.8	1.401	280		0.38
Di-Iso-Propyl Ether	2.2	1.368	220	68	0.37		Di-Iso-Propyl Ether	0.22
Toluene	2.3 - 2.4	1.496	285	11.9.5			Toluene	0.22
p-Xylene	2.4	1.500	290	139	0.61	0.018	p-Xylene
Methyl-t-Butyl Ether;t-Butyl Methyl Ether *	2.5	1.369	210	55	0.27	4.8	Methyl-t-Butyl Ether **
Benzene	3.0	1.501	280	80.1	0.65	0.18	Benzene	0.25
Benzyl ether	3.3						Benzyl ether
Diethyl Ether	2.8	1.353	220	35	0.32	6.89	Diethyl Ether **	0.29
Trichloromethane; Chlorofom *	4.1	1.4459	245	61.2	0.57	0.815	Trichloromethane **
Dichloromethane Methylene Chloride *	3.1	1.424	234	41	0.44	1.66	Dichloromethane **	0.31
1.2 Dichloroethane Ethylene chloride	3.5	1.444	225	84	0.79	0.81	Ethylene chloride
n-Butyl Acetate	3.9	1.399	215	118	2.89	7.89	Butyl Acetate
Iso Propylalcohol	3.9	1.377	210	82	10990	100	2-Propanol **
n- Butanol	4.0	1.394	254	125	0.73	0.43	n- Butanol
n-Propanol : 1-Propanol	4.0	1.384	210	97	2.3	100	n-Propanol
Tetrahydrofurane*	4.0	1.407	215	65	0.55	100	Tetrahydrofurane **	0.48
Ethyl Acetate*	4.4 - 4.3	1.372	260	77	0.45	8.7	Ethyl Acetate**	0.43
Methyl Ethyl Ketone ; 2-Butanone	4.5 - 4.7	1.379	329	80	0.45	24	Methyl Ethyl Ketone
1.4 Dioxane; p-Dioxane	4.8	1.422	215	101	1.54	100	1.4 Dioxane	0.43
MTBE (tert-Butylmethylether							MTBE (tert-Butylmethylether	0.48
Acetone	5.1 - 5.4	1.359	330	56	0.32	100	Acetone	0.43
Ethanol	5.2	1.360	210	78	1.2	100	Ethanol	0.68
Acetonitrile*	5.8 - 6.2	1.344	190	82	0.37	100	Acetonitrile**	0.5
Acetic Acid	6.2	1.372	230	118	1.26	100	acetic acid
N-Dimethylformamide	6.4	1.431	268	155	0.92	100	Dimethylformamide
Diethylacetamid	6.5		268
Methanol*	6.6 - 5.1	1.329	205	65	0.60	100	Methanol **	0.73
Dimethyl Sulfoxid.	7.2	1.478	268	189	2.8	100	Dimethyl Sulfoxid	0.48
Methyl Sulfoxide
Formamide	7.3	1.446	260	210.5	3.76	100	Formamide
Water *	9.0	1.333	200	100	1.0	100
Aqueous Puffersolution							Buffers
Pyridine								0.55
2-Propanol (Iso Propanol)							2-Propanol (Iso Propanol)	0.60

* popular eluents in chromatography , ** popular solvents in production scale chromatography
Solvent Miscibility Table

Solvent Terms
Protic vs aprotic solvents

In chemistry a protic solvent is a solvent that has a hydrogen atom bound to an oxygen (as in a hydroxyl group) or a nitrogen (as in an amine group). In general terms, any solvent that contains labile H+ is called a protic solvent. The molecules of such solvents readily donate protons (H+) to reagents. Conversely, aprotic solvents cannot donate hydrogen.